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Switzerlandtc "Australia"
Renger van Nieuwkoop and Carsten Nathani
This paper describes the construction of the Swiss input-output table for the year 2008 for the GTAP 8 Data Base.
Background
Switzerland does not have a long history in estimating input-output tables. In the past input-output tables have been estimated approximately every 5 10 years [ REF BIB_antille2000 \* MERGEFORMAT 1]. The estimation of these tables was based on various domestic statistics and on information form foreign input-output tables. Some of the input-output tables were updated from prior tables by using RAS techniques, and were compiled either by universities or private companies. The most recent input-output table (1995) was an updated version of the table of 1990.
The lack of official input-output tables based on primary data is twofold:
Missing data: Important data sources usually available for compiling input-output tables, such as commodity statistics or statistics describing the cost structure of enterprises or the use of intermediate goods, is missing in Switzerland.
Missing political pressure: The European Union has made the regular compilation of input-output tables mandatory for its member countries. Although Switzerland is not a member of the EU, it has close relations with the European Union on the political, economic and cultural levels. The Agreement with the EU on cooperation in the field of statistics provides the basis for harmonizing the compilation of data and making Switzerlands statistics comparable with those of its partners from the European Economic Area. However, Switzerland is exempted from providing input-output tables to the EU [ REF BIB_eu2003 \* MERGEFORMAT 3], [ REF BIB_eu2006 \* MERGEFORMAT 2].
The last contribution of a Swiss IOT to the GTAP database goes back to the 1997. In 2004 a small consortium of people from the University of Zrich and the consultancy firm Ecoplan [ REF BIB_nathani2006 \* MERGEFORMAT 7] decided not to update the existing 1995 table, but to estimate a new one for the year 2001. An update was seriously hampered by a change of the statistical industry classification and the change from a sales tax to a value added tax system in 1995. Furthermore, the data underlying the 1995 table reflected the state of the mid 1980s. The project was partially funded by the Swiss Federal Statistics Office (SFSO).
In 2006 the SFSO commissioned the estimation of a new input-output table for the year 2005 to the same consortium.[ REF BIB_nathani2008 \* MERGEFORMAT 5] Instead of applying the cross-entropy method for balancing (which was used for the 2001 tables), they applied a modified RAS method. The tables for the year 2005 were taken as the basis for the input-output table for the GTAP 7 Data Base. In 2009 the SFSO commissioned the estimation of the input-output table for the year 2008 [ REF BIB_nathani2011 \* MERGEFORMAT 6]. These tables served as the basis for the GTAP 8 Data Base.
Source Data and Adjustments
The main source for the Swiss contribution to the GTAP database is the IOT for the year 2008 mentioned above. Because data definitions and classifications of the Swiss IOT do not match precisely with the requirements of GTAP, a concordance between the two classifications was constructed. This concordance allows for a total of 30 sectors.
The Swiss IOT does not make a distinction between use in imported and domestic goods. We followed one of the procedures described in [ REF BIB_huff2002 \* MERGEFORMAT 4]. The IOT was made consistent using a least square model.
Mapping the I-O Tables to a Common Valuation
The concordance between the Swiss IOT and GTAP is given in REF _Ref205351152 \h Table 0 1.
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 0 SEQ Table \* ARABIC \s 1 1: Mapping between GSC, Swiss IOT and the aggregation
CHGNrGTAPDescriptionCH011pdrPaddy Rice: rice, husked and unhusked2whtWheat: wheat and meslin3groOther Grains: maize (corn), barley, rye, oats, other cereals4v_fVeg & Fruit: vegetables, fruitvegetables, fruit and nuts, potatoes, cassava, truffles,5osdOil Seeds: oil seeds and oleaginous fruit; soy beans, copra6c_bCane & Beet: sugar cane and sugar beet7pfbPlant Fibres: cotton, flax, hemp, sisal and other raw vegetable materials used in textiles8ocrOther Crops: live plants; cut flowers and flower buds; flower seeds and fruit seeds; vegetable seeds, beverage and spice crops, unmanufactured tobacco, cereal straw and husks, unprepared, whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets; 9ctlCattle: cattle, sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules, and hinnies; and semen thereof10oapOther Animal Products: swine, poultry and other live animals; eggs, in shell (fresh or cooked), natural honey, snails (fresh or preserved) except sea snails; frogs' legs, edible products of animal origin n.e.c., hides, skins and furskins, raw , insect wax11rmkRaw milk12wolWool: wool, silk, and other raw animal materials used in textileCH0213frsForestry: forestry, logging and related service activitiesCH0314fshFishing: hunting, trapping and game propagation including related service activities, fishing, fish farms; service activities incidental to fishingCH0415colCoal: mining and agglomeration of hard coal, lignite and peat16oilOil: extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas (part), service activities incidental to oil and gas extraction excluding surveying (part)17gasGas: extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas (part), service activities incidental to oil and gas extraction excluding surveying (part)18omnOther Mining: mining of metal ores, uranium, gems. other mining and quarryingCH0519cmtCattle Meat: fresh or chilled meat and edible offal of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules, and hinnies. raw fats or grease from any animal or bird.20omtOther Meat: pig meat and offal. preserves and preparations of meat, meat offal or blood, flours, meals and pellets of meat or inedible meat offal; greaves21volVegetable Oils: crude and refined oils of soya-bean, maize (corn),olive, sesame, ground-nut, olive, sunflower-seed, safflower, cotton-seed, rape, colza and canola, mustard, coconut palm, palm kernel, castor, tung jojoba, babassu and linseed, perhaps partlCH0522milMilk: dairy products23pcrProcessed Rice: rice, semi- or wholly milled24sgrSugar25ofdOther Food: prepared and preserved fish or vegetables, fruit juices and vegetable juices, prepared and preserved fruit and nuts, all cereal flours, groats, meal and pellets of wheat, cereal groats, meal and pellets n.e.c., other cereal grain products (inc26b_tBeverages and Tobacco productsCH0627texTextiles: textiles and man-made fibresCH0728wapWearing Apparel: Clothing, dressing and dyeing of furCH0829leaLeather: tanning and dressing of leather; luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwearCH0930pppPaper & Paper Products: includes publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded mediaCH1031p_cPetroleum & Coke: coke oven products, refined petroleum products, processing of nuclear fuelCH1132crpChemical Rubber Products: basic chemicals, other chemical products, rubber and plastics productsCH1233nmmNon-Metallic Minerals: cement, plaster, lime, gravel, concreteCH1334i_sIron & Steel: basic production and casting35nfmNon-Ferrous Metals: production and casting of copper, aluminium, zinc, lead, gold, and silver36fmpFabricated Metal Products: Sheet metal products, but not machinery and equipmentCH1437omeOther Machinery & Equipment: electrical machinery and apparatus n.e.c., medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocksCH1538eleElectronic Equipment: office, accounting and computing machinery, radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus39omfOther Manufacturing: includes recyclingCH1640lumLumber: wood and products of wood and cork, except furniture; articles of straw and plaiting materialsCH1741mvhMotor Motor vehicles and parts: cars, lorries, trailers and semi-trailersCH1842otnOther Transport Equipment: Manufacture of other transport equipmentCH1943elyElectricity: production, collection and distribution44gdtGas Distribution: distribution of gaseous fuels through mains; steam and hot water supplyCH2045wtrWater: collection, purification and distributionCH2146cnsConstruction: building houses factories offices and roadsCH2247trdTrade: all retail sales; wholesale trade and commission trade; hotels and restaurants; repairs of motor vehicles and personal and household goods; retail sale of automotive fuelCH2348otpOther Transport: road, rail ; pipelines, auxiliary transport activities; travel agencies49wtpWater transportCH2350atpAir transportCH2451cmnCommunications: post and telecommunicationsCH2552ofiOther Financial Intermediation: includes auxiliary activities but not insurance and pension fundingCH2653isrInsurance: includes pension funding, except compulsory social securityCH2754dweDwellings: ownership of dwellings (imputed rents of houses occupied by owners)CH2855obsOther Business Services: real estate, renting and business activitiesCH2956osgOther Services (Government): public administration and defense; compulsory social security, education, health and social work, sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities, activities of membership organizations n.e.c., extra-territorial CH3057rosRecreation & Other Services: recreational, cultural and sporting activities, other service activities; private households with employed persons (servants)
References
[1] Antille, Gabrielle: Die Input-Output-Tabellen. Bohley, Peter, Armin Jans Carlo Malaguerra (): Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistik der Schweiz. Eine Einfhrung, 3.. Aufl., 489504. Verlag Haupt, Bern, 2000.
[2] European Commision: AGREEMENT between the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on cooperation in the field of statistics. Official Journal of the European Union, March 2006.
[3] European Commision: REGULATION (EC) No 1267/2003 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. Official Journal of the European Union, July 2006.
[4] Huff, Karen, TerryL. Wamsley RobertA. McDougall: Contributing Input-Output Tables to the GTAP Data Base. , General Trade Analysis Project, 2002.
[5] Nathani, Carsten, Renger van Nieuwkoop Marcel Wickart: Revision der IOT 2001 und Schtzung einer IOT 2005 fr die Schweiz. Studie im Auftrag des Bundesamts fr Statistik, 2008.
[6] Nathani, Carsten, Christian Schmid, Renger van Nieuwkoop Marcel Wickart: Revision der IOT 2001 und Schtzung einer IOT 2008 fr die Schweiz. Studie im Auftrag des Bundesamts fr Statistik, 2011.
[7] Nathani, Carsten, Marcel Wickart, Robert Oleschak Renger van Nieuwkoop: Estimation of a Swiss input-output table for 2001. Studie im Auftrag des Bundesamts fr Statistik, 2006.
For consistency reasons the tables for 2001 were recalculated using the same procedure.
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